study guide

study Guide
feudalism- the new system of government arose in Medieval Europe
fief- a piece of land held by one man
lord- permitted another man (called a vassel) to use it in return for promised services
vassal- the man the lord permitted
knight- Those nobles promised to provide the king a xpecific number
chivalry- code of conduct for nobility in knights
heraldry- identification for each family
castle- heavily fortified dwellings built by nobles
joust- two knights fought to knock each other off their horses
tournament- groups of knights fought a mock battle that lasted an entire day
manor- estates that belonged to the nobles
serf- farmers that worked on the manor
Truce of God- the church forbade fighting from Friday of Sunday of each week
Peace of God- Priests denied the sacraments to persons who robbed churches, took a serf's property, of killed a noncombatant during battle
burg- Comunnity of traveling merchants
middle class- Burghers = mid class; between nobility and peasants
trade fair- Merchants from all over;
guild- developed during this time; consists of merchants, artisans, & craftsmen
black death- forms of the bubonic plague (deadly very infectious)
Chaucer- wrote the Caterbury tales
trivium- Grammer, Rhetoric(the art of speaking) logic
quadrivium- Arithemetic, Music, Geometric, Astronomy
scholasticism- theology (Roman catholic style) + Greek philosophy (like Aristotle)
Brethren of the Common Life- Christian group foiunded by Gerhard Groote in 1380
humanism- study of classical languages and classical literature
patron- people who use their own money to support arts
Sistine Chapel- works of Michelangelo....frescos that were painted on the ceiling
Medicis- medici family
Thomas Aquinas- lived 1225 - 1274; spoke slowly called a "dumb ox" but a brilliant mind
William of Ockham- 1285 - 1349; educated at Oxford; said was ultimate authority
John Wycliffe- 1320 - 1384; "Morning star of te Reformation"; Thought pope’s claim of absolute authority over church was wrong;Popular w/ common people;Followers = “Lollards”; Harassed by Roman church leaders during the last years of his lifeMore than 30 years after his death, the pope commanded that Wycliffe’s bones be dug up and burned
John Huss-1369 – 1415
· Follower of Wycliffe
· Roman Church condemned Huss & burned him at the stakeHis followers = “Hussites”
Gerhard Groote- he founded the Brethren of Common Life
Dante-Wrote Divine Comedy (one of the few pieces of medieval literature that is still widely read today)
Petrarch- father of humanism
Bocaccio- wrote the Decameron
Michelangelo-
· Considered the greatest artist of the renaissance
· Supported by the Medici family
· His famous paintings are on the ceilings and walls of the Sistine Chapel (he spent four years on his back painting gigantic scenes on the ceiling)Also well known for marble statues
Flanders- primary center for trade of wool
Machiavelli- wrote the Prince
Giotto- one of the famous artists of the Renaissance
DaVinci-
· AKA “Renaissance Man” (one who displays talents in all fields)
· Painter
· Sculptor
· Musician
· Inventor
· Engineer
· Best remembered for the Mono Lisa and The Last Supper
Prague-
· Oldest German university
· Founded 1348